You Said Beef. The Correct Answer Was Nine
For each catagory, you are to friction match the correct answer. Is the...
For each catagory, you are to match the correct reply. Is the statement a fallacy or is it non. You'll besides notice that there is a huge space in each passage. That is where yous volition select one answer for (2) of the indicated blanks.
Appeal to Unqualified Authority
In full general, fallacies of weak induction mimic the forms of typical anterior arguments just rely on bounds that are clearly inadequate to back up a proposed conclusion. In detail, an entreatment to unqualified authority fallacy mimics the form of a typical argument from authorisation, just the authorization cited is someone whose expertise is inadequate to justify belief in the conclusion.
Consider each of the following argumentative passages and indicate (i) whether it commits a fallacy and (two) whether, specifically, it commits an appeal to unqualified say-so fallacy. ( Note : Information technology is possible for a unmarried argument to commit more than one type of fallacy. Besides, if an argument commits a different fallacy altogether, indicate that it does commit a fallacy, but not the "appeal to unqualified authorisation" fallacy.)
Passage A
The leader of the student organization argues that nosotros must take more student participation in the administration'due south decision-making processes. Simply if her suggestion is implemented, then the next thing you lot know, the students will be running the school. Teachers and administrators will have no authority, and the schoolhouse will no longer exist a identify of learning. Total chaos will ensue. We must refuse the student arrangement'south argument.
Passage A (Does or Does Not) commit a fallacy; specifically, it (Does or Does Non) commit an appeal to unqualified authority fallacy.
Passage B
No one has ever been able to requite unequivocal proof confronting the existence of God. Therefore, we must assume that God exists.
Passage B commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an entreatment to unqualified authority fallacy.
Passage C
Doctors now agree, almost unanimously, that chronic smoking greatly increases one's run a risk of developing lung cancer. So unless you want to endure from lung cancer, you should not smoke cigarettes.
Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an entreatment to unqualified authority fallacy.
Passage D
Francis Crick was a world-renowned molecular biologist, physicist, and neuroscientist who won a Nobel Prize as ane of the codiscoverers of the structure of Deoxyribonucleic acid. Crick was also an avowed atheist who publicly argued that God does not be. If someone similar Crick said that God does not exist, then God must non exist.
Passage D commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an appeal to unqualified authority fallacy.
Passage Due east
An experienced structural engineer told me that termite harm to a load-bearing beam posed a risk of the roof collapsing over my garage. I should replace that beam.
Passage E commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an appeal to unqualified authority fallacy.
2. Appeal to Ignorance
You volition practice identifying a fallacy that is usually referred to as theentreatment to ignorance fallacy. This fallacy is often classified equally afallacy of weak induction. In general, fallacies of weak consecration mimic the forms of typical anterior arguments merely rely on premises that are clearly inadequate to support a proposed conclusion. In particular, an appeal to ignorance fallacy leaps to a conclusion based on thelack of prove to refute that conclusion. By dissimilarity, the premises of a good inductive argument are supposed to providepositive evidence in support of a determination.
Passage A
Numerous studies have conclusively established the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoke. I don't want to die of cancer, so I had improve notice a mode to boot my smoking addiction.
Passage A commit a fallacy; specifically, information technology commit an appeal to ignorance fallacy.
Passage B
Mr. Jones insists that he was at dwelling house sleeping peacefully when the murder occurred. And nevertheless he is unable to produce a single person to confirm his excuse! Clearly, Mr. Jones is lying, and he is the murderer.
Passage B commit a fallacy; specifically, information technology commit an appeal to ignorance fallacy.
Passage C
People say that a flying simulator game is simply like flying a real airplane. In that location'southward no law prohibiting a twelve-year-old child from purchasing a flight simulator game, so there'south no reason why the law should prohibit a twelve-year-old child from obtaining a pilot'due south license.
Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an appeal to ignorance fallacy.
Passage D
Recent recordings have captured a bird phone call strikingly similar to the unique call of the ivory-billed woodpecker. After an extensive search for the source of the phone call, several photographs and video images of a bird that seems to friction match the description of an ivory-billed woodpecker have also been captured. It appears that the ivory-billed woodpecker is not extinct after all!
Passage D commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an entreatment to ignorance fallacy.
Passage Due east
If Samantha Stevens is non a witch, why can't she bear witness information technology? Without such proof, nosotros tin just assume that Ms. Abigail is telling the truth when she accuses Mrs. Stevens of witchcraft.
Passage Eastward commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit an appeal to ignorance fallacy.
Hasty Generalization
I saw iii teenagers skipping school and playing poker in a neighbour's garage concluding calendar week. High schoolhouse students are just a agglomeration of truant hoodlums these days.
Passage A commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a hasty generalization fallacy.
Passage B
I have spent a total of 10 days in Clarksburg over the concluding 8 years, and it has never rained once when I've been in that location. It must never rain in Clarksburg.
Passage B commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a hasty generalization fallacy.
Passage C
My granddad gave me a four-foliage clover soon before he passed abroad last twelvemonth, and I've carried it with me during every basketball my team has played this season. My team had its all-time season e'er this yr! I'grand certain we couldn't have washed it without my grandfather'southward four-leafage clover.
Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a jerky generalization fallacy.
Passage D
On my way to the store, I saw iii teenagers skipping schoolhouse and playing poker in a neighbor's garage. Merely equally I passed the high school parking lot, I noticed information technology was full of cars and there were many students participating in a physical education grade out on the sports field. Conspicuously, the three truants were an anomaly amongst the typical teenagers in our neighborhood.
Passage D commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a hasty generalization fallacy.
Passage E
Ninety-nine major-league baseball players have hit a home run in their first-ever fourth dimension at bat in the major league. It must be pretty easy to hit a abode run in baseball game'due south major league.
Passage E commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a jerky generalization fallacy.
False Cause
Resembles a typical causal inference, only the link between the premises and the conclusion of the fallacious argument depends on some imagined cause that probably does non exist.
Passage A
The pastor of my church said that existentialism denied accented truth and undermined the thought of genuine moral standards. As far as I can tell, existentialism is a movement in philosophy that consists in some rather complex philosophical theories. So, I'll just take my pastor'due south give-and-take for it that existentialism is bad.
Passage A commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a false cause fallacy.
Passage B
I have gone camping in the Mohave Desert three times, and it has rained all three times. It is hard to sympathise why the Mohave Desert is such an arid mural since it clearly rains there almost every twenty-four hour period.
Passage B commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a simulated cause fallacy.
Passage C
This lever releases the parking restriction and allows the car to move. When I got out of my car, I definitely engaged the parking brake. So either someone pulled the brake-release lever before my machine went rolling downward the colina, or else the restriction itself was defective.
Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a imitation cause fallacy.
Passage D
The U.S. economy has crashed while Mr. Smith has been president. Clearly, if we desire the economy to recover, we must vote Mr. Smith out of function.
Passage D commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a faux cause fallacy.
Passage Eastward
In 1989, the average compensation for a corporate CEO in the United states of america was 71 times that of the typical worker. In 2000, the average compensation for a corporate CEO in the United States was 275 times that of the typical worker. Between 1989 and 2000, the U.S. stock markets increased past about 400 percent. Thus, if we want to increase stock prices, we should increase CEO compensation.
Passage E commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a false cause fallacy.
Slippery Slope
A slippery slope fallacy tries to describe a conclusion based upon a proposed concatenation of events that is unlikely to occur in actuality. For instance, someone might try to make a given proposition seem undesirable based on some supposedly ensuing chain of events that would lead to an undesirable (but unlikely) outcome.
Passage A
Until someone can evidence across a doubt that I was non abducted by aliens while I slept final dark, we must assume that I was in fact abducted past aliens.
Passage A commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a slippery slope fallacy.
Passage B
At that place's been a lot of talk lately about legalizing marijuana. But if we start legalizing drugs, there'south no reason to cease at marijuana. We'll accept to legalize hallucinogens—and heroin, too. Eventually kids will be ownership scissure cocaine at the local chemist's shop. Surely, nosotros can all concur that we don't desire that.
Passage B commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a glace slope fallacy.
Passage C
I demand to go more than sleep. If I go more sleep, I am probable to feel more refreshed and energetic in the morning time. With renewed energy, I will be better able to focus at piece of work and improve my efficiency. But improved efficiency will, in turn, allow me to achieve more work in less time. Hence, if my workload doesn't increase, getting more slumber will not just meliorate the quality of my job performance when I am awake, but it will costless up more fourth dimension then that I can get even more rest!
Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a glace slope fallacy.
Passage D
Our production auditors have recommended some relatively inexpensive and like shooting fish in a barrel ways to improve the efficiency of our production methods. If nosotros better the efficiency of our product methods, nosotros will be able to lower the toll of production. Lower production costs will, in turn, ameliorate our profit margins. And so if we want to improve our profitability, we should begin by implementing the recommendations of our auditors.
Passage D commit a fallacy; specifically, information technology commit a slippery gradient fallacy.
Passage Due east
Billy likes to eat potato chips, corn chips, and chocolate chips. And then, Baton would probably enjoy eating forest chips.
Passage Eastward commit a fallacy; specifically, information technology commit a slippery slope fallacy.
Weak Analogy
Fallacies of weak consecration mimic the forms of typical inductive arguments but rely on premises that are clearly inadequate to support a proposed determination. In particular, a fallacy of weak analogy resembles a typical argument from analogy but depends on an illustration that is not strong enough to support the conclusion that is drawn.
Passage A
Ane nighttime I watched the moving-picture showPet Sematary on TV, and the next morning, I awoke to find my true cat had died. That motion picture must have scared my true cat to death.
Passage A commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a fallacy of weak analogy.
Passage B
Hawaii and Puerto Rico have similarly tropical climates and habitats. Since theCoqui frog thrives in Puerto Rico, it is likely to thrive in Hawaii too.
Passage B commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a fallacy of weak illustration.
Passage C
People say nosotros should outlaw assail rifles in order to reduce the hazard of gun-related deaths. Simply more people in this land dice in car crashes every week than are killed by assail rifles in a year, and you don't hear people talking near outlawing cars.
Passage C commit a fallacy; specifically, it commit a fallacy of weak illustration.
Passage D
Tom Prowl, the famous actor, said that psychiatry is a pseudoscience and that in that location is no such thing as a medically treatable "chemical imbalance." Thus, the Food and Drug Administration should ban the prescription of antidepressants.
Passage D commit a fallacy; specifically, information technology commit a fallacy of weak analogy.
Passage East
Barbara and Jack went to the same high schoolhouse, took similar classes, and had the same grade signal average. When she went to college, Barbara constitute that her high schoolhouse instruction had left her very well-prepared for her studies as an engineering major. So it is safe to assume that Jack is similarly well prepared, should he also decide to study applied science in college.
Passage E commit a fallacy; specifically, information technology commit a fallacy of weak illustration.
Answer & Explanation
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